6.6.1. Derivation and ArgumentList

6.6.1. Derivation and `ArgumentList`
	6.6. Processing Command-Line Arguments

6.6.1. Derivation and `ArgumentList`

[ fromfile: argumentlist.xml id: argumentlist ]

ArgumentList provides an example of a reusable class with a specific purpose derived from a more general purpose Qt class.
It reuses QString and QStringList to simplify the processing of command-line arguments.

Operationally, ArgumentList is a class that is initialized with the main() function's int and char** parameters, which capture the command-line arguments.
Conceptually, ArgumentList is a list of QStrings.
Structurally, it is derived from QStringList, with some added functionality.
A Java programmer would say that ArgumentList is extended from QStringList.
Example 6.26 contains the class definition for ArgumentList.

Example 6.26. src/derivation/argumentlist/argumentlist.h

#ifndef ARGUMENTLIST_H
#define ARGUMENTLIST_H

#include <QStringList>

class ArgumentList : public QStringList {
  public:
    ArgumentList();

    ArgumentList(int argc, char* argv[]) {
        argsToStringlist(argc, argv);
    }

    ArgumentList(const QStringList& argumentList):
       QStringList(argumentList) {}
    bool getSwitch(QString option);
    QString getSwitchArg(QString option,
                         QString defaultRetVal=QString());
  private:
    void argsToStringlist(int argc,  char* argv[]);
};
#endif

Because it is publicly derived from QStringList, ArgumentList supports the full interface of QStringList and can be used wherever a QStringList is expected.
In addition to its constructors, ArgumentList defines a few additional functions:
- argsToStringList() extracts the command-line arguments from the given array of char arrays and loads them into a QStringList. This function is private because it is part of the implementation of this class, not part of the public interface. It is needed by the constructors but not by client code.
- getSwitch() finds and removes a switch from the string list, if that switch exists. It returns true if the switch is found and false otherwise.
- getSwitchArg() finds and removes a switch and its accompanying argument from the string list and returns the argument if the switch is found. It does nothing and returns a defaultValue if the switch is not found.
Example 6.27 shows the implementation code for these functions.

Example 6.27. src/derivation/argumentlist/argumentlist.cpp

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include "argumentlist.h"
ArgumentList::ArgumentList() {
   if (qApp != NULL)  
      *this = qApp->arguments();
}


void ArgumentList::argsToStringlist(int argc, char * argv []) {
   for (int i=0; i < argc; ++i) {
      *this += argv[i];
   }
}

bool ArgumentList::getSwitch (QString option) {
   QMutableStringListIterator itr(*this);
   while (itr.hasNext()) {
     if (option == itr.next()) {
        itr.remove();
        return true;
     }
   }
    return false;
}

QString ArgumentList::getSwitchArg(QString option, QString defaultValue) {
   if (isEmpty())
      return defaultValue;
   QMutableStringListIterator itr(*this);
   while (itr.hasNext()) {
      if (option == itr.next()) {
         itr.remove();
         if (itr.hasNext()) {
            QString retval = itr.next();
            itr.remove();
            return retval;
         }
         else {
            qDebug() << "Missing Argument for " << option;
            return QString();
         }
      }
   }
   return defaultValue;
}

A global pointer to the current QApplication.

all argument processing code has been removed from main().
No loops, char*, or strcmp are to be found.

Example 6.28. src/derivation/argumentlist/main.cpp

#include <QString>
#include <QDebug>
#include "argumentlist.h" 

void processFile(QString filename, bool verbose) {
   if (verbose)
      qDebug() << QString("Do something chatty with %1.")
                         .arg(filename);
   else
      qDebug() << filename;
}

void runTestOnly(QStringList & listOfFiles, bool verbose) {
   foreach (const QString &current, listOfFiles) { 
      processFile(current, verbose);
   }
}

int main( int argc, char * argv[] ) {
   ArgumentList al(argc, argv);       
   QString appname = al.takeFirst();  
   qDebug() << "Running " << appname;
   bool verbose = al.getSwitch("-v");
   bool testing = al.getSwitch("-t"); 
   if (testing) {
      runTestOnly(al, verbose);       
      return 0;
   } else {
      qDebug() << "This Is Not A Test";
   }
}

	Instantiate the ArgumentList with command line args.
	Inherited from `QStringList` - first item in the list is the name of the executable.
	Now all switches have been removed from the list. Only filenames remain.
	ArgumentList can be used in place of `QStringList`.

Following are some sample outputs from running the program in Example 6.28:

argumentlist> ./argumentlist 
Running  "./argumentlist" 
This Is Not A Test 
argumentlist> ./argumentlist item1 "item2 item3" item4 item5
Running  "./argumentlist" 
This Is Not A Test 
argumentlist> ./argumentlist -v -t "foo bar" 123 space1 "1 1"
Running  "./argumentlist" 
"Do something chatty with foo bar." 
"Do something chatty with 123." 
"Do something chatty with space1." 
"Do something chatty with 1 1." 
argumentlist>


6.6. Processing Command-Line Arguments		6.6.2. Exercises: Processing Command-Line Arguments